The Hindu Editorial

29-August-2023

Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The Hindu Editorial Summary

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1. Scan the internal dimension on the road to 2024.

Topic: GS2 – Indian polity

Context:

• In the wake of Chandrayaan’s success and impending G-20 summit, India’s leaders must learn from Chandrayaan’s approach, prioritize concerns, and address emerging challenges before the elections.

Current Scenario and Challenges:

• Pre-Election Year Significance: The article notes that the current year being a pre-election year, policymakers should not overlook uncomfortable aspects or be content with surface calm.

Regional Troubles and Manipur’s Example:

• Manipur’s Unrest: Manipur has experienced unrest and debates about its causes highlight the potential to engulf the entire northeast region.
• Complex Tribal Affiliations: Northeast’s intricate tribal affiliations bind various communities, and disturbances in one area can affect others.

Assam’s Situation:

• Ongoing Concerns: Assam has quiescent militant groups (ULFA-Independent and Bodo) that could become active.
• Weapons and Firearms: Weapons’ presence in the region is concerning, indicating underlying tensions.

Maoist Threat and Resurgence:

• Maoist Movement: Maoist insurgency is resurging since late 2020, with a changed leadership pattern and strategic alterations.
• Urban Influence: Maoists claim growing urban influence, which may pose a challenge leading up to the general election.

Right-Wing Terror and International Trends:

• IS Resurgence: The Islamic State (IS) is showing signs of resurgence globally, raising concerns about India’s security.
• India’s Vulnerability: Experts suggest India and Indonesia are IS targets in Asia, urging vigilance.

Communal Tensions and Polarization:

• Communal Violence: Communal violence has re-emerged in various parts due to increasing polarization along religious lines.
• Spread of Unrest: Pockets of communal tension are emerging across regions, even in areas less prone to such issues.

Election Vigilance and Democratic Image:

• Peaceful Elections Reputation: India’s reputation for peaceful elections requires heightened vigilance due to existing threats.
• Dormant Threats: Various dormant threats, from regional tensions to communal violence, need attention to prevent escalation.

Conclusion:

• Necessity of Caution: Policymakers, security, and police agencies must exercise care and caution, ensuring India’s democratic strength prevails during the upcoming general election.

2. At Delhi summit, demonstrate climate leadership

Topic: GS3 – climate action

Context:

• The G-20 countries need to take action to ensure a just energy transition. This includes improving governance structures, aligning international financial institutions, and streamlining transparency and accountability efforts.

G-20’s Role in Climate Action: Collective Climate Ambition – G-20, major greenhouse gas emitters, pledged to achieve “net-zero” emissions and fossil fuel reduction. Urgent need for united climate action.

Importance of G-20 Summit:

• Crucial Moment: G-20 Summit in New Delhi (September 9-10) holds significance before the UN Secretary General’s Climate Ambition Summit and UNFCCC COP28.

Progress and Challenges:

• Shift to Clean Energy: Recent increase in renewable energy use among G-20 members (29% in 2021 from 19% in 2010).
• India’s Renewable Focus: India is the third-largest renewable energy producer, targeting 50% energy from renewables by 2030.
• Unresolved Concerns: Growing demand, shrinking carbon budget necessitate more substantial shifts to clean energy.

Action Areas for G-20:

• Just Energy Transitions:

1. 1. Governance Improvement: Establish inclusive governance structures for just energy transitions at national and local levels.
   2. Coherent Delivery Plans: Ensure coordinated efforts, attract investment, and focus on equitable results.
   3. Broader Metrics: Evaluate beyond traditional indicators, consider job quality, access, community resilience.
   4. Collaboration Models: Learn from South Africa’s just transition framework, develop comprehensive plans.

• Economic Diversification:

1. 1. Long-Term Stability: G-20 should view energy transition as a means to ensure economic diversity and stability.
   2. Financial Institutions’ Role: Align investments, support renewable energy, energy efficiency, low-carbon technologies.
   3. Green Steel Transition: Enable transition to low-carbon steel production by setting mandates and driving investments.

• Streamlining International Efforts:

1. 1. Enhanced Transparency: Establish mechanisms for transparent energy transition-related data disclosure.
   2. G-20 Initiatives: Leverage existing working groups for sustainable finance, energy transitions, and Just Energy Transition Partnerships.
   3. Fossil-Fuel Producing Countries: Encourage transparency in oil, gas, and coal projects aligning with climate goals.

Unity for Climate Action:

• • Collaborative Approach: G-20’s leadership and collaboration crucial for effective climate transitions.
  • Relay Race Analogy: Climate action requires collective efforts, not isolated endeavors.

Call to Action:

• Strong Declaration: G-20 summit an opportunity for Heads of State to adopt a robust declaration for collective climate ambition.
• Urgent Need: Recent climate impacts emphasize the urgency for swift and united climate action.

Conclusion:

• The G-20 summit in New Delhi is a crucial moment for the world to take action on climate change. The G-20 countries must adopt a strong leader’s declaration, committing to collective ambition to combat climate change.

3. India and Greece are finding new ways to revive an age-old relationship

Topic: GS2 – International relations

India-Greece relations:

• India and Greece have had historical ties since Alexander the Great’s invasion of Greece in 326 BCE.
• Bilateral relations have been warm but lack close strategic ties compared to India’s ties with other European countries.
• PM Modi’s visit to Greece last week aimed to “leapfrog” ties and establish a “Strategic Partnership”.

 Key areas of cooperation:

• Trade and investment: India and Greece agreed to work towards increasing bilateral trade, which is currently around $2 billion.
• Skilled migration and mobility partnership: India and Greece agreed to work towards a skilled migration and mobility partnership to facilitate the movement of people between the two countries.
• Connectivity partnership: India and Greece agreed to cooperate to complete negotiations for the India-European Union (EU) Free Trade Agreement and to develop a connectivity partnership.
• Restoration of artefacts: India and Greece, which were both plundered by colonial powers, have held discussions on the restoration of artefacts.
• Maritime security: India and Greece, both ancient maritime powers, face concerns over the maintenance of maritime security in keeping with international laws.

Geopolitical implications:

• PM Modi’s outreach to Greece comes as Greece seeks to diversify its options after overcoming its economic troubles and reducing its reliance on Chinese investment.
• India and Greece may find common ground in their shared concerns about Turkey, which is seen as a threat by both countries.
• India and Greece, both members of the UN Security Council, have a shared interest in maintaining peace and security in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Indo-Pacific regions.

Conclusion:

• PM Modi’s visit to Greece was a significant step in deepening India-Greece relations.
• The two countries agreed to establish a “Strategic Partnership” and to cooperate in a number of key areas, including trade and investment, skilled migration and mobility, connectivity, and maritime security.
• The relationship between India and Greece has the potential to be a major force for good in the world, and PM Modi’s visit has set the stage for even greater cooperation in the years to come.

Mains question: Examine the recent developments and strategic implications of India-Greece bilateral relations.”

4. India needs comprehensive sexuality education

Topic: GS3.

Context:

• Recent arrest of a man and his minor son for sexually abusing a five-year-old girl underscores the urgency of addressing child abuse.

Importance of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE):

• UN Definition: CSE, as defined by the UN, educates on cognitive, emotional, physical, and social aspects of sexuality.
• Effective Prevention Approach: CSE emerges as a powerful preventive measure against child abuse.

Challenges in Implementing CSE:

• Resistance and Misconceptions: Some State governments and segments of society oppose CSE, viewing it as sexualizing children.
• Watered-down Programs: Existing CSE programs have been diluted or withdrawn due to concerns of violating “Indian values.”
• Impact of Traditional Values: Traditional values influenced by patriarchal structures negatively impact youth.

Understanding Consent:

• Legal Perspective: Courts highlight criminalization of consensual adolescent relationships, prompting discussions on age of consent reduction.
• Lack of Awareness: A Tinder study reveals that over 64% of young Mumbaikars are hesitant about giving, asking, and withdrawing sexual consent.

Broad Audience for CSE:

• Inclusive Approach: NCRB data emphasize the importance of imparting CSE not just to children, but also to parents and caregivers.
• Gender-Neutral Focus: Data highlights that both male and female children are vulnerable to sexual abuse.
• UNFPA Perspective: Access to comprehensive sexuality education is a fundamental human right, empowering youth to safeguard their well-being and dignity.
• Guidance from UN: UN recommends initiating CSE from age five, educating children about their bodies, emotions, consent, and dealing with abuse.

Benefits of CSE:

• Enhanced Awareness: Comprehensive sexuality education informs youth about their rights, sexuality, and promotes healthy sexual activity.
• Beyond Abstinence-Only Approach: Programs solely based on abstinence have proven inadequate.
• Holistic Understanding: CSE plays a crucial role in addressing intimate partner violence, gender norms, and power dynamics in relationships.

Curriculum Development and Implementation:

• Inclusion in Curriculum: Kerala’s initiative to include awareness about POCSO in the curriculum is a positive step towards holistic sexual education.
• Complex Intersection: The interrelation between sexual health and human rights necessitates a comprehensive curriculum, transcending legalities.
• Teacher Empowerment: UNESCO highlights the importance of teacher capacity-building for participatory pedagogies in the CSE curriculum.
• Overcoming Silence: CSE curriculum needs to address misinformation and values that stifle discussions on sexuality and rights.

Successful Case Study:

• Udaan Program: Government-NGO collaboration in Jharkhand mainstreamed the Udaan program, demonstrating commitment to scale up comprehensive sexuality education.

Conclusion:

• Urgent Implementation: Addressing child abuse through comprehensive sexuality education is imperative, requiring concerted efforts from State governments to empower youth and create a safe environment.

Mains question: To what extent does comprehensive sexuality education contribute to addressing issues of sexual abuse, consent awareness, and gender equality in India? Analyze the challenges and potential benefits of implementing comprehensive sexuality education in the country.

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