6 February 2024 : The Hindu Editorial Notes PDF
The Hindu Editorial
6-February-2024
1. A critical view of the ‘sanitation miracle’ in rural India.
| Topic: GS2 – Social Justice – Health UPSC perspective: India’s sanitation challenges reflect social, economic, and behavioral complexities, crucial for aspirants understanding public policy, governance, and sustainable development. |
| Context |
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- Introduction
- Sanitation improvement has been a key policy focus in India in the past decade, aligned with UN Sustainable Development Goal 6.
- The Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen (SBM-G) aimed to make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) by October 2019.
- Progress and Data
- Sanitation coverage improved from 39% in 2014 to 100% in 2019, leading to Phase II of SBM-G.
- Government aims for ODF Plus by 2024-25, with 85% of villages already ODF Plus according to official data.
- Usage and Behavioral Patterns
- The construction of toilets does not guarantee usage; NSSO survey revealed various reasons for non-use in 2012.
- Subsequent studies in 2018 and 2020 identified issues such as lack of access to water, collapsed structures, and social norms affecting usage.
- Left-Out Households and Unused Toilets
- The National Annual Rural Sanitation Survey (NARSS)- Round-3 (2019-20) identified a gap of 10% between toilet access and usage.
- Left-out households need attention in Phase II, and shortcomings of the previous phase should be addressed.
- Economic and Social Factors
- Econometric models show toilet usage depends on economic conditions, education, household size, and social norms.
- Larger household sizes and difficulties in water access reduce toilet usage.
- Program Criteria and Synergy
- Phase II lacks criteria for multiple toilets in larger households and does not mandate attached bathrooms.
- Lack of synergy between sanitation programs and other basic needs programs hinders collective behavioral change.
- Social norms, caste hierarchy, and social networks play a crucial role in sanitation behavior and vary across regions.
- Conclusion
- Despite significant toilet construction, collective behavioral change is yet to occur, emphasizing the need for coordinated efforts and addressing societal challenges in sanitation programs.
- Synergy between various programs and consideration of social networks are crucial for achieving sustainable sanitation goals in India.
| Importance of Sanitation in Rural India |
Significance:
Challenges:
Way Forward:
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| PYQ: Appropriate local community-level healthcare interventions are a prerequisite to achieve ‘Health for All ‘ in India. Explain. (150 words/10m) (UPSC CSE (M) GS-2 2018) |
| Practice Question: How do social norms, economic factors, and program coordination impact the success of India’s sanitation initiatives? Discuss (150 words/10 m) |
2. The road to a healthy democracy
| Topic: GS2 – Social Justice – Health The article is crucial for UPSC aspirants as it addresses India’s development vision, and global leadership, relevant to current affairs and governance. |
| Context |
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Vision for a Developed India (Viksit Bharat) by 2047:
- The prospect of elevating India to a developed nation Vision of a ‘Viksit Bharat’ (Developed India) by 2047, its 100th year of Independence is achievable today.
- Quantum leaps in every sector, massive expansion in social and economic infrastructure, boost to entrepreneurship, rural transformation, and increased educational institutions.
Foundations of Viksit Bharat Mission:
- Chandrayaan’s milestone in science and technology.
- Digital public infrastructure, including Aadhaar and UPI, recognized globally.
Healthcare as a Pillar for Development:
- Viksit Bharat Mission emphasizes progress, development, innovation, economic strength, and social prosperity.
- Well-being of citizens and achieving health equity for all as a central focus.
Advantages and Challenges:
- India’s demographic dividend with a young population.
- Potential economic burden and reduced productivity due to prevalent health issues, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
Preventive Healthcare as a Priority:
- Leveraging technological innovations, scientific research, and AI for preventive healthcare.
- Individual empowerment through knowledge of risk factors, genomics data, and personalized prevention plans.
Leading the World in Healthcare:
- Clinical excellence and prowess surpassing global benchmarks.
- Pioneering a patient-centric healthcare model with expanded touchpoints.
- World-class healthcare infrastructure, clinical talent, and globally competitive costs.
- AI and Machine Learning (ML) contributing to a new healthcare model.
- Integration of AI enhancing patient care, accessibility, and quality.
Global Leadership in Medical Value Travel:
- India’s healthcare industry as a global leader in infrastructure, technology, and clinical expertise.
- Emergence as a medical value travel hub, particularly in specialized areas.
- Proton Beam Therapy technology making India a regional leader in cancer treatment.
Pivotal Moment in Healthcare Journey:
- Reimagining the healthcare model to position India globally.
- Strategic role of medical value travel in employment, foreign exchange, and global competency.
- India’s potential as a powerhouse in AI-driven healthcare solutions and a leader in combating non-communicable diseases.
Conclusion:
- In conclusion, India’s pursuit of development hinges on healthcare innovation, AI integration, and global leadership in medical value travel. Embracing these pillars can propel the nation toward a visionary future.
| PYQ: Identify the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that are related to health. Discuss the success of the actions taken by the Government for achieving the same. (200 words/10m) (UPSC CSE (M) GS-2 2013) |
| Practice Question: In the context of India’s pursuit of a developed nation status, discuss the significance of healthcare advancements and global leadership in medical value travel. (150 words/10 m) |
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