Advent of European power, Anglo French Wars, British in Bengal. Mains Test
Mains Test Series
Advent of European power, Anglo French Wars, British in Bengal.
Q1. The wars fought by the British to establish supremacy in India were fuelled by the spirit of global colonialism and ended only with the Blood of Indians. Justify. (250 Words) Solution:
In order to establish supremacy, the British fought major and difficult wars with the French, Maratha and Mysore.
The Carnatic Wars were the immediate result of Anglo-French rivalry in Europe and India. A series of military conflicts during the mid-18th century in the Carnatic region (a dependency of Hyderabad State) changed the political scenario of contemporary India. Between 1744 and 1763 AD, three Carnatic Wars were fought.
These wars were fuelled by the spirit of colonialism:
- Economic Motive: In the 17th century, India was the world’s largest economy and manufacturing power, producing a fourth of the global GDP before being conquered. The ‘commerce of India was the commerce of the world and who can control it could be the dictator of Europe’. It shows India’s strategic and economic importance to the colonial powers.
- The global context in the Carnatic wars:
- The First Carnatic War (1740-48) broke with the Austrian War of Succession in Europe. The British were drawn into the war in 1744 against the French alliance. The conflict came to an end after the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, under which the captured Madras Fort was returned to the British in exchange for the captured French fort in North America.
- The Second Carnatic War (1749-54): It broke with the succession struggle in Hyderabad and Arcot, respectively, but became critical with the participation of Europeans in local politics. The conflict ended with France’s defeat in England’s hand during the anglo French war in North America. In India, the war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry.
- The third Carnatic War (1749-54) outbreak was parallel with the Seven Years’ War in Europe in 1756 and resulted in renewed conflict between British and French forces in India. This was concluded with the decisive battle of Wandiwash in 1760.
Aftermath: In the end, the British became the sole power in the Indian Ocean.
Indian Blood on both sides:
- Indian soldiers fought in these wars. French General Duplix found that Indian soldiers with European training and discipline were the best fighters, and it was the Indians who eventually were killed in these wars.
- Indian expense: Often, the cost of wars was charged upon the Indian princes.
Conclusion
Therefore, the subtle context in all the wars that were fought in India was the spirit of colonialism.
Although the British colonial rule in the USA ended, the British remained a colonial power in the Caribbean islands and many other places with the resources gathered from India. It shows that t
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