Q1) What are the criteria used to identify tribals in India? Assess the efforts made towards the integration of tribal communities after independence. ANSWER In India, the criteria used to identify tribal communities are based on anthropological, socio-cultural and development factors. These factors have been decided by the Government of India on the basis of…
Q1) Describe any three important problems that India faced during early years after independence. How were these problems resolved? ANSWER The early years after independence were a turbulent time. The country grappled with several problems even as it dreamt of a hopeful and prosperous future and sceptics predicted doom for the country’s viability as a…
Q.1) Why is Indus Valley Civilization considered an urban civilization? Can you identify some of the elements of IVC that have influenced the present-day culture of the Indian subcontinent? ANSWER The Harrapan or Indus Valley civilization was a bronze age civilization, whose mature phase lasted from circa 2600 BCE to circa 1900 BCE. The Harrapan…
Q1) It was the constitutional impasse that forced India towards freedom with partition. Analyse the factors that contributed to this constitutional impasse. Why did efforts to solve it fail? ANSWER The constitutional impasse in the path towards India’s freedom from colonial rule refers to the failure of various plans for accommodating demands of diverse groups….
Q1) “The national movement before the arrival of Gandhi was a movement representing the classes.” How did the entry of Gandhiji change the character of the national movement for freedom? ANSWER The entry of Mahatma Gandhi in the national freedom struggle can be dated back to 1915 when he returned from South Africa after two…
Q1) Highlight the key features of Lord Ripon’s new approach that differentiated his policies from those of his predecessors. What were the long-term effects of the period of his governorship? ANSWER Lord Ripon was the Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884. The British colonial regime, which was reflective of the exploitative tendencies, saw a…
Q1) The dyarchy introduced by the Montague-Chelmsford reforms of 1919 was a far cry from devolution of power to a representative and responsible government which could satisfy the rising national sentiment among Indians. Examine. ANSWER The Montague-Chelmsford reforms were the initiative of the British government towards furthering the process of constitutional reforms in the country….
Q1) What was the need to have different land revenue systems under the same colonial regime? Assess the impact of land revenue systems on society and economy. ANSWER The land revenue systems were an important aspect of the economic policies of the British colonial government in India. The British implemented mainly three kinds of land…
Q1) The ideology of paternalistic benevolence and white man’s burden thinly veiled the realities of a despotic Raj that continually impoverished the country. Comment. ANSWER As the ruling authority in colonial India, the British professed a role of India’s “parent,” making decisions in their supposed favour while not allowing Indians the liberty to decide on…
Q1) Why did British colonial enterprise succeed in securing rule over India while efforts from other European powers failed to give them a firm foothold in the country? ANSWER The British were the one amongst many colonialists that came to India since the dawn of the 15th century. The British were the most successful of…