In July 1946, the Muslim League withdrew from accepting the Cabinet mission plan in response to Nehru’s statement and called for “direct action” on 16 August to achieve its goals for Pakistan. In this chapter, we will discuss the emergence of communalism and its culmination with the partition of India and the formation of Pakistan….
Land Revenue System in British India Land revenue settlement refers to the system in which land tax revenue is agreed between the owner of the occupied land or any other assigned leader and government. The government collects tax revenue directly from cultivators (Ryotwari) or indirectly through an appointed representative (Permanent settlement). Early revenue settlement under…
State Human Rights Commission Besides the National Human Rights Commission, the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 provides for the establishment of the Human Rights Commission in each state. It has been entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding and promoting human rights at the state level. Composition of the State Human Rights Commission The State…
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) of India is an apex body of the Government of India under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) provides the institutional framework for creating and overseeing disaster management plans. It ensures coordinated efforts across government…
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National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is a statutory body constituted under the Protection of Human Rights Act 1993. The commission acts as the watchdog of human rights in the country. Its mandate includes safeguarding and advancing the rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity as guaranteed by…
India before the British rule in India Political scenario in India The Mughals – After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the decline of the Mughals started. Rulers of the Mughals were now weak and engrossed in political conflict for inheritance or dominance in the court. The Marathas – The third battle of Panipat in…
Advent of Europeans in India The history of modern India can be traced back to the advent of Europeans in India. The trade routes between India and Europe were long and winding, passing through the Oxus Valley, Syria, and Egypt. We have already seen the advent of Portuguese in the Medieval India. We shall see the advent of…
State Information Commission The Right to Information Act, 2005, besides the Central Information Commission, also provides for the State Information Commission. It has been mandated to act upon the complaints and appeals under the act against public information officers in offices, financial institutions, and Public sector undertakings under the concerned state government. Besides, the Commission…
“Where a society has chosen to accept democracy as its creedal faith, it is elementary that the citizens ought to know what their government is doing”. ~Justice P N Bhagwati Transparency and accountability in governance are essential elements of a participatory democracy. Lack of relevant…
State Finance Commission State Finance Commission aims to maintain fiscal federalism between state Government and Local bodies. The State Finance Commission is constituted based on the Constitutional requirement in Article-243 (I) and 243 (Y). For the success of the local government, besides functional devolution, fiscal devolution was felt necessary to maintain the fiscal independence of…