- Best IAS Coaching In Delhi | Offers UPSC Classes In Delhi
- UPSC Notes
- Current Affairs UPSC
- Free UPSC Material
- UPSC Exam
- How to Appear for IAS Exam
- Study Material for Free IAS Preparation
- UPSC CSE Exam : Eligibility Criteria
- IFS SALARY – IFS OFFICER SALARY STRUCTURE
- RRB NTPC SALARY- RRB NTPC OFFICER SALARY STRUCTURE
- SSC CGL SALARY – SSC CGL OFFICER SALARY STRUCTURE
- IBPS PO SALARY – IBPS PO OFFICER SALARY STRUCTURE
- KNOW THE UPSC PSIR OPTIONAL SYLLABUS-BEST PSIR OPTIONAL BOOKS AND NOTES BY TOPPERS
- IPS SALARY – IPS OFFICER SALARY STRUCTURE
- IS SELF-PREPARATION ENOUGH TO CLEAR THE IAS EXAM?
- IAS SALARY – IAS OFFICER SALARY STRUCTURE
- 21 TIPS TO OVERCOME DISTRACTIONS WHILE STUDYING
- SOME ANSWER WRITING TIPS FOR THE UPSC MAINS EXAMINATION
- TOP 40 WEIRD QUESTIONS UPSC ASPIRANTS ASK FROM GOOGLE
- LIST OF 10 BEST UPSC COACHING INSTITUTES RECOMMENDED FOR GUARANTEED SUCCESS
- WHAT ARE THE 7 TIPS TO ACE UPSC INTERVIEW
- About 99notes
- Blogs
Table of Contents
ToggleComplete Agriculture Syllabus for UPSC CSE Mains 2024
➼ click here to download Agriculture Syllabus for UPSC
Syllabus of Agriculture Optional PAPER I
- Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production.
- Agro-ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments.
- Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans. Climate change International conventions and global initiatives. Greenhouse effect and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
- Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high yielding and short duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping, and farming systems. Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oil see ds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.
- Important features, and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as social forestry, agro forestry, and natural forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products. Agro forestry and value addition. Conservation of forest flora and fauna.
- Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.
- Soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. soils of India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity.
- Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrient management Biofertilizers.
- Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient phosphorus and potassium use.
- Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green-house gas emission.
- Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management. Dry land agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production in rainfed areas.
- Water use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing run means of reducing run–off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Drip and sprinkler irrigation.
- Drainage of water
- Drainage of water–logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water-logged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution. Irrigation projects in India.
- Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum resource use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems.
- Marketing management strategies for development, market intelligence. price fluctuations and their cost;
- Role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy.
- Crop Insurance.
- Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programmes,
- Socio economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers;
- Training programmes for extension workers. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural technologies.
- Non-Government Organisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural development.
Syllabus of Agriculture Optional PAPER-II
- Cell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure and function of genetic material. Laws of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross over, and their significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids.
- Mutation and their role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex linked, sex influenced and sex limited characters.
- History of plant breeding.
- Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic resources conservation and utilization.
- Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants.
- Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding.
- Heterosis and its exploitation. Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization.
- Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement Gernetically modified crop plants.
- Seed production and processing technologies.
- Seed certification, Seed testing and storage.
- DNA finger printing and seed registration.
- Role of public and private sectors in seed production, and marketing.
- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture.
- Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation and metabolism of nutrients. Soil water plant relationship.
- Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms.
- Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization.
- Plant growth substances and their role in crop production. Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy.
- Stress physiology draught, salt and water stress.
- Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops.
- Package practices of major horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture.
- Post-harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables.
- Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.
- Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their economic importance.
- Classification of pests and diseases and their management.
- Intergrated pest and diseases management.
- Storage pests and their management. Biological control of pests and diseases.
- Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. P lant quarantine measures.
- Pesticides, their formulation and modes of action.
- Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population vision 2020.
- Reasons for grain surplus.
- National and International food policies.
- Production, procurement, distribution constraints.
- Availability of foodgtrains, per capita expenditure on food.
- Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization.
- Processing constraints.
- Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern.
- Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger.
- Nutrient deficiency Micro nutrient deficiency : Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food grain productivity and food security.
Other UPSC Optional Subjects
At 99Notes, each study and article is meticulously crafted through the collaborative expertise of seasoned professionals, ensuring the production of highly comprehensive and pertinent study materials tailored specifically for IAS aspirants. Our commitment to excellence in collective efforts results in an unparalleled resource for those seeking top-notch preparation.
- Ethics And Human Interface
- Attitude Notes
- Aptitude For Civil Services Notes
- Emotional Intelligence Notes
- Moral Thinkers And Philosophers
- Civil Service Values Notes
- Ethical Issues In International Relations Notes
- Corporate Governance Notes
- Probity In Governance Notes
- Case Study On Above Issues Notes
Contact Us
Address
Head Office :- Office No-2 & 3 ,LGF,Apsara Arcade,Adjacent Karol bagh Metro,Old Rajinder Nagar ,New Delhi-110060
2nd Office:- Metro station, 2nd floor, 5B, Pusa Rd, opp. to Metro Pillar no. 110, near Karol Bagh, Block B, Karol Bagh, New Delhi, Delhi 110005