Why are antivenoms not easily accessible in India?
(Source – The Hindu, International Edition – Page No. – 11)
| Topic: GS2 – Social Justice – Health |
| Context |
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What Are Antivenoms?
- Antivenoms are life-saving medicines used to treat snakebites.
- They are made by injecting small amounts of venom into animals, usually horses, which produce antibodies that neutralize venom toxins.
How Snake Venom Affects the Body
- Snake venom contains haemotoxins, neurotoxins, and cytotoxins that damage blood cells, paralyze nerves, and dissolve tissue.
- Without medical intervention, venom can lead to death.
How Antivenoms Work
- Antivenoms work by binding to venom toxins and rendering them inactive.
- They are produced by injecting venom into horses, and the antibodies are extracted and purified.
Challenges in Accessing Antivenoms
- Despite India being the largest producer of antivenoms, many people in rural areas struggle to access timely treatment.
- Issues like poor storage conditions, high costs, and logistical problems worsen the situation.
Future of Antivenoms
- Future antivenoms may be synthetic, using AI and recombinant DNA technology for improved safety and effectiveness.
- Region-specific antivenoms could provide more precise treatments.
Conclusion
- India’s snakebite crisis requires improved access to timely medical care, better antivenom storage, and advanced research for more effective treatments.
- Continued innovation and infrastructure are essential for saving lives.Â
| Practice Question:Â India is considered the ‘snakebite capital’ of the world, with thousands of fatalities every year. Discuss the challenges in snakebite treatment in India and suggest measures to address this crisis. (150 Words /10 marks) |
