24 Nov 2023 : Daily Answer Writing
Mains Answer Writing
24-November-2023
Q1) How does the Archeological evidence help in piecing together the life of the Harappan civilization?
ANSWER
Archaeological evidence is vital in piecing together the life of the Harappan civilization, a Bronze Age culture that thrived in the Indus Valley from approximately 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Excavations and findings shed light on their urban centres, trade networks, agriculture, arts, and possible reasons for their eventual decline.
HOW ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES HELP IN PIECING TOGETHER THE LIFE OF HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION
- Urban Centers and Planning: The discovery of well-planned cities like Mohenjo-Daro with advanced drainage systems and Harappa with grid-like street patterns indicate a sophisticated urban planning system and administrative organization.
- Harappan Script and Language: Seals with inscriptions found at Harappan sites, such as the famous “Unicorn Seal” from Mohenjo-Daro, provide valuable clues to their script and language, although it remains undeciphered.
- Trade and Commerce: Unearthed artefacts like pottery, beads, and seals with unique motifs found in various sites, including Lothal in Gujarat, suggest extensive trade networks connecting the Harappan civilization with Mesopotamia and other regions.
- Agriculture and Irrigation: Evidence of granaries and well-designed drainage systems, as seen in sites like Dholavira in Gujarat, suggests an agrarian society with advanced agricultural practices.Most Harappan sites are located in semi-arid lands, where irrigation was probably required for agriculture. Traces of canals have been found at the Harappan site of Shortughai in Afghanistan,
- Arts and Crafts: Artifacts like bronze figurines from Mohenjo-Daro and intricate pottery from Harappa showcase their artistic skills and craftsmanship, providing insights into their cultural expression and aesthetic sensibilities.
- Religion and Rituals: The discovery of the “Priest King” statue from Mohenjo-Daro and terracotta figurines depicting deities indicate their religious beliefs and practices.
- Decline and Disappearance: Archaeological evidence from various sites, including Kalibangan and Rakhigarhi, shows signs of destruction and abandonment, fueling theories about the civilization’s decline, possibly due to climate change or invasions.
- Human Remains and Health: Examination of skeletal remains from sites like Rakhigarhi and Farmana reveals insights into their health, diet, and living conditions, contributing to a better understanding of their quality of life.
Archaeological findings from cities like Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Lothal, and Dholavira provide specific insights into the urban planning, trade, art, and religious practices of the Harappan civilization, enabling us to reconstruct their way of life and the factors that led to their eventual decline.
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24 Nov 2023 : Daily Answer Writing
24 Nov 2023 : Indian Express
24 Nov 2023 : PIB
24 November 2023 : Daily Current Affairs
24 November 2023 : The Hindu Editorial Notes PDF
