Answer:  Option C - Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)

Explanation:

• The "Nexus Report" was published by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).
• It emphasizes the interconnectedness of global challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, and food insecurity.
• The report advocates for integrated, synergistic approaches to address these issues, highlighting the importance of restoring ecosystems, promoting sustainable diets, and using nature-based solutions.
• It also warns against actions that could inadvertently harm biodiversity while addressing food production challenges.

Answer:  Option A - Assam

Explanation:

• The Bordoibam-Bilmukh Bird Sanctuary, located in Assam, has recently been in the news due to a significant 72% decline in bird species over 27 years.
• The decline is attributed to habitat degradation caused by human activities such as overfishing, poaching, agricultural encroachment, and excessive harvesting of aquatic plants.
• The sanctuary, once home to a diverse range of avian species, now faces critical conservation challenges requiring immediate attention.

Answer:  Option B - Is the primary route for oil exports from the Persian Gulf.

Explanation:

• The Strait of Hormuz is a vital maritime chokepoint, connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea.
• It is strategically crucial for global energy security, as it serves as the primary route for oil exports from the Persian Gulf countries, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the UAE.
• A significant portion of the world's oil supply passes through this narrow strait, making it a critical global trade route.

Answer:  Option C - Undersea cable systems to boost India's international connectivity.

Explanation:

• The India Asia Xpress (IAX) and India Europe Xpress (IEX) are undersea cable systems aimed at enhancing India's global connectivity.
• IAX connects India with Southeast Asia (Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia), while IEX links India with Europe (France, Greece, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Djibouti).
• These cables, owned by Reliance Jio with investment from China Mobile, will improve internet and communication infrastructure, providing faster and more reliable connectivity between India, Asia, and Europe.

Answer:  Option D - Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, and Mobile

Explanation:

• The "JAM trinity" refers to three key government initiatives aimed at enhancing financial inclusion and transparency.
• It stands for Jan Dhan Yojana (financial inclusion), Aadhaar (unique identification system), and Mobile (facilitating digital transactions).
• This combination enables direct benefit transfers (DBT), reduces corruption, and ensures efficient service delivery, empowering citizens, particularly the underprivileged, by providing access to banking, healthcare, and other essential services.