Topic: GS2 – International Relations. Understanding the geopolitical turmoil, leadership vacuum, and potential nuclear threats is crucial for analysing global affairs in UPSC exams. |
Context |
● This article argues the world is in disarray due to poor leadership, ongoing wars, and looming economic/technological threats. |
Geopolitical Turmoil
- The article argues that world order is in shambles, with the “rules-based international order” collapsing.
- New alliances are forming, but none are strong enough to maintain global peace.
- Many regions are experiencing chaos, with ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza.
Leadership Vacuum
- There’s a lack of strong, global leaders who can find solutions to pressing issues.
- Leaders like Zelenskyy, Putin, Biden, and Xi Jinping are unwilling to compromise.
- This leadership vacuum increases the risk of further escalation.
Stalemate and Escalation
- The war in Ukraine is at a standstill, with no end in sight.
- The continued stalemate raises fears of nuclear weapons being used.
- The situation in West Asia is critical, with Israel’s actions in Gaza provoking Iran.
- A potential Iran-Israel war could have devastating consequences.
The Rise of New Alliances
- The US and China are engaged in a proxy war, using other countries to achieve their goals.
- The US struggles to maintain its superpower status after setbacks like the Afghanistan withdrawal.
- Europe relies heavily on NATO for protection and has little influence on Zelenskyy.
- China’s economic woes have tarnished its image as a rising superpower.
- However, China is forming new alliances with Russia and Iran, challenging US dominance in West Asia.
The Economy and Technology: Disruptors and Spoilers
- World leaders are neglecting the crucial role of the economy and technology in global affairs.
- The US, UK, and much of Europe are facing economic difficulties.
- On the other hand, China’s economic growth has stalled.
- The oil market and the China-Russia-Iran alliance could further disrupt the global economy.
- Sanctions are losing their effectiveness.
- Technological advancements, especially in AI, are becoming major disruptors in warfare.
- Smaller nations are using AI to challenge the military dominance of the US and China.
The Looming Shadow of Nuclear War
- Existing arms control agreements are weakening, increasing the risk of nuclear proliferation.
- New nuclear warheads and cruise missiles are likely being developed.
- The debate on using low-yield nuclear weapons raises fears of a nuclear escalation.
Conclusion:
- Overall, the world faces a complex and dangerous situation. A lack of strong leadership, ongoing conflicts, and a potential economic and technological disruption create a recipe for disaster.
Practice Question: Discuss the challenges posed by geopolitical turmoil, leadership vacuum, and the spectre of nuclear escalation in shaping global security dynamics. (150 Words /10 marks) |