Economics is the social science that focuses on the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. What is an Economic activity? All activities involving money are called economic activities. It is any activity that contributes to that economy. Economic activity occurs when resources such as capital, labour, manufacturing techniques or intermediary products are combined…
Industrial Infrastructure Infrastructure is the set of provisions that serve a country, city, or other area. It encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households, and firms. In a similar sense, industrial infrastructure is the set of provisions that are needed to serve the needs of the manufacturing sector. These may include public infrastructure,…
![What is Social Infrastructure: Meaning, Importance & Challenges [UPSC Notes]](https://www.99notes.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/social-infrastructure-99notes-upsc-1-768x512.webp "What is Social Infrastructure: Meaning, Importance & Challenges [UPSC Notes] | Updated April 1, 2025")
What is Social Infrastructure? Meaning of Social Infrastructure is to creating and maintaining facilities and structures that support the delivery of social services, which are essential for social development and, thereby, the overall development of a country. Social Infrastructure is the set of organizational arrangements and investments in society’s systems, relationships, and structures that enable us…
Housing Sector in India The housing industry is one of the pillars of the economic foundations of our country and one of the fastest-growing sectors. For our understanding in the context of policymaking and the UPSC syllabus, we shall classify the housing sector into three categories: Affordable Housing Rural Housing Urban Housing AFFORDABLE HOUSING and…
Introduction to Digital Infrastructure: Significance of Digital Infrastructure: In modern economies, digital infrastructure has emerged as an equally or arguably more significant necessity than traditional infrastructure necessities such as power, water, and roads. With the government’s increasing push towards digital governance, digital economies, and online service delivery – the development of digital infrastructure such as…
Infrastructure Financing Infrastructure Financing refers to the set of mechanisms devised to Fund Infrastructure projects. Financing is the most critical aspect of infrastructure creation. Mechanisms of Infrastructure Financing There are various mechanisms used to finance Infrastructure: Government funding – Government often makes budgetary provisions for Infrastructure funding. The Department of Economic Affairs (DEA), under the…
Waterways Transport India is a land of rivers surrounded on three sides by ocean. It has around 7500 kilometres of coastline and 14,500 km of potentially navigable waterways. Moreover, it is strategically located on key international trade routes. This unique natural resource and strategic geographic location endow India with vast potential in trade. And most…
Logistics Sector in India Logistics refers to the overall process of acquiring, storing and transporting resources from their source to the destination. Logistic management refers to effectively managing all activities such as packaging, warehousing, transportation, inventory management, customs, tracking and tracing of packages, etc. The logistics sector acts as a lifeline for development in the…
Civil Aviation Sector in India Civil aviation infrastructure is one of the most complex infrastructure systems. It majorly comprises aircraft manufacturing, air traffic control, and airport. But it also includes cargo-handling facilities, telecommunications, navigation and surveillance facilities, tourism, repair and overhaul resources, avionics manufacturing, repair and design capabilities, and flight training facilities. Importance of Civil…
Infrastructure Infrastructure is the set of physical and organizational structures (e.g. roads, water supplies, hospitals) needed for the operation of an enterprise or the society as a whole. It comes from the French word ‘Infra’, which means below. This shows the literal significance of infrastructure which forms the basis of all enterprises in modern society….