21 September 2023 : The Hindu Editorial Notes PDF
The Hindu Editorial
21-September-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The Hindu Editorial Summary
1. Taking a giant leap for a new ethics in outer space.
Topic: GS3 – Space exploration.
Introduction:
- The Moon Agreement, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979, is a treaty that governs human activity on the moon and other celestial bodies.
- It is a far-sighted document that anticipates the potential for conflict and exploitation in space, and seeks to establish a framework for peaceful cooperation.
The Moon Agreement is based on the following principles:
- The moon and its natural resources are the common heritage of mankind.
- Space activities should be carried out for peaceful purposes only.
- States have the right to explore and use the moon without discrimination.
- States have a duty to protect the environment of the moon.
- States should cooperate in the exploration and use of the moon.
The Moon Agreement has not been widely ratified, but it remains an important document that reflects the international community’s shared interest in the peaceful and sustainable exploration of space.
India’s Role in Space Exploration
- India is a growing player in space exploration. In 2023, India’s Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft became the first Indian spacecraft to land on the moon. India is also a member of the Artemis Accords, an international agreement to cooperate on the exploration and development of the moon.
- India has a unique opportunity to play a leading role in the implementation of the Moon Agreement. India is a non-aligned country with a long history of advocating for international cooperation and disarmament. India is also a major emerging economy with a rapidly developing space program.
A New Ethics for Space Exploration
- The Moon Agreement provides a good starting point for developing a new ethics for space exploration. This new ethics should be based on the principles of peace, cooperation, and sustainability.
- We need to ensure that space is used for the benefit of all humankind, not just a select few.
- We need to protect the environment of space and prevent the militarization of space.
- We need to cooperate in the exploration and development of space, and share the benefits of space exploration with all nations.
Conclusion
- The Moon Agreement is a vital document for the future of space exploration. India has a unique opportunity to play a leading role in the implementation of the Moon Agreement and in the development of a new ethics for space exploration.
Mains question: Discuss the significance of the Moon Agreement for the future of space exploration. What role can India play in implementing the agreement and in developing a new ethics for space exploration?
2. The Women’s Reservation Bill must be implemented without delay.
Topic: GS2 – Indian polity.
Context:
- The Women’s Reservation Bill, after almost three decades, has been passed in the Lok Sabha, signaling a positive shift.
More about the news:
- The bill aims to reserve one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and legislative Assemblies for women.
- Currently, women MPs constitute only around 15% of the Lok Sabha, highlighting a significant gender disparity in political representation.
- The bill includes a 15-year sunset clause for the reservation, which can be extended.
- Despite previous struggles and failed attempts, the bill’s passage in the Lok Sabha is commendable.
Need for the Women’s Reservation:
- Equality: The Women’s Reservation Bill seeks to promote gender equality in political representation, ensuring women have a fair share of seats.
- Diverse Perspectives: Increased women’s participation brings diverse perspectives and issues to the forefront of policymaking.
- Empowerment: Political representation empowers women to participate in shaping policies that affect their lives.
- Global Norms: Many countries have implemented similar measures to address gender imbalances in politics.
- Social Change: Women’s participation in politics can challenge traditional gender roles and foster societal change.
- Role Models: Women in political leadership serve as role models, inspiring future generations of women to engage in politics.
- Rights Advocacy: Female legislators can advocate for women’s rights, addressing issues like gender-based violence and discrimination.
- Inclusive Governance: Increased women’s representation contributes to more inclusive and representative governance.
- Democracy Strengthening: Gender-balanced legislatures enhance the quality and effectiveness of democratic institutions.
Challenges ahead:
- Socio-cultural Barriers: Deep-rooted socio-cultural norms and biases may hinder women’s active participation in politics.
- Political Resistance: Resistance from male-dominated political parties and leaders could pose challenges to the effective implementation of the Women’s Reservation Bill.
- Electability Concerns: Questions about the electability of women candidates in certain constituencies may persist.
- Implementation Complexity: Linking reservation to delimitation and Census processes adds complexity to implementation.
- Backlash: There may be resistance and backlash from some sections of society against women’s increased political participation.
- Inclusive Governance: Ensuring that reserved seats translate into meaningful participation and not tokenism is a significant challenge.
- Intersectionality: Addressing the intersectionality of gender with other factors like caste, class, and religion is vital for truly inclusive representation.
- Measuring Impact: Evaluating the long-term impact of increased women’s representation and policy changes is a complex task.
- Public Perception: Changing public perception and attitudes towards women in leadership roles may take time and effort.
Way forward:
- Awareness and Education: Promote awareness campaigns and educational initiatives to encourage women to participate actively in politics and understand the importance of their role.
- Capacity Building: Invest in capacity-building programs and leadership training for aspiring women politicians to enhance their skills and confidence.
- Political Parties’ Responsibility: Encourage political parties to actively recruit and support women candidates, breaking down internal barriers and biases.
- Electoral Reforms: Consider electoral reforms that support gender parity, such as the introduction of proportional representation or reserved seats at various levels of governance.
- Legal Framework: Strengthen the legal framework to ensure the protection of women in politics, addressing issues like harassment and discrimination.
- Media Representation: Encourage media to provide fair and non-biased coverage of women politicians and their campaigns, promoting a positive image.
- International Collaboration: Learn from the experiences of other countries that have successfully implemented gender parity measures and collaborate on best practices.
Mains question: Discuss the impact of gender-based reservations in Indian politics on women’s representation and the challenges and opportunities it presents for achieving gender equality in governance.
3. Enormity of climate change is no excuse to resort to risky mitigation strategies
Topic: GS3 – climate action
Context:
- India experienced its driest August in a century, highlighting the growing threat of disrupted weather patterns.
- Solar Radiation Management (SRM) is proposed as a desperate solution to block incoming solar radiation and cool the Earth’s surface, but it comes with significant dangers.
What are the concerns raised from environmental perspective:
- SRM could lead to unintended planet-wide consequences, affecting weather systems and agriculture in different regions.
- There is currently no mechanism to hold geoengineering governments accountable for cross-border consequences or provide restitution to affected countries.
- The Climate Overshoot Commission’s report calls for more research to address scientific and governance gaps before considering SRM implementation.
- While acknowledging the urgency of climate action, SRM could divert resources and attention from more effective emission-cutting strategies.
- The commission’s claim to act in the interests of developing countries is questioned, given the pursuit of economic growth at the expense of climate justice.
- The focus should be on implementing existing solutions effectively before considering high-risk alternatives like SRM.
What are some sustainable measures to combat climate change:
- Transition to Renewable Energy: Shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- Afforestation and Reforestation: Plant trees and restore forests to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.
- Sustainable Agriculture: Promote sustainable farming practices that reduce emissions, conserve soil, and protect biodiversity.
- Carbon Pricing: Implement carbon pricing mechanisms like carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems to incentivize emission reductions.
- Public Transportation: Invest in efficient public transportation systems to reduce the use of private vehicles and decrease emissions.
- Waste Reduction: Reduce, reuse, and recycle to minimize waste and lower emissions from landfills.
- Circular Economy: Promote a circular economy where products are reused, remanufactured, or recycled to reduce resource consumption.
- Green Infrastructure: Develop green infrastructure like green roofs and permeable pavements to mitigate the urban heat island effect and manage stormwater.
- Conservation: Protect and conserve natural habitats and wildlife to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services.
- International Cooperation: Collaborate globally to set emission reduction targets and share best practices for climate mitigation.
- Climate Finance: Allocate funds to support climate-resilient infrastructure and projects in vulnerable communities.
- Technological Innovation: Invest in research and development of green technologies and innovations for sustainable practices.
- Government Policies: Enforce policies and regulations that encourage sustainability and penalize unsustainable practices.
- Carbon Offsetting: Offset emissions through activities like afforestation, reforestation, or renewable energy projects to achieve carbon neutrality.
Mains question: Discuss the role of international cooperation in addressing global climate change challenges, and analyze the effectiveness of international climate agreements in achieving emission reduction targets.
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