27 Nov 2023 : Indian Express
Indian Express
27-November-2023
1) NO COP-PING OUT
Context:
- With record-breaking global temperatures and an urgent need to reduce emissions, the upcoming COP28 in Dubai, which starts on November 30, is expected to be a crucial test of nations’ will.
- A 43% reduction in emissions is recommended by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) this decade in order to comply with the 1.5-degree Celsius threshold set forth in the Paris Agreement.
Evident Gaps and Unmet Targets:
- In spite of these cautions, world emissions surpassed 2019 levels by one billion tonnes, according to the UNEP’s Emissions Gap Report, and the International Energy Agency projects that fossil fuel use may continue until 2030.
- Following the acknowledgement at COP26 in Glasgow two years ago of the need to “phase down” coal power, there hasn’t been much movement.
- Deployment attempts for clean energy have encountered obstacles, and energy markets have been affected by geopolitical crises like the situation in Ukraine.
Stocktaking and Paris Pact Goals:
- Conducting an assessment of the progress made toward accomplishing the objectives of the Paris Pact is the primary agenda item for COP28 in Dubai.
- One major topic of dispute is what will happen to coal, gas, and oil in the future.
- The emphasis will be on evaluating the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) made by each country, which as of now are not enough to reach the 1.5-degree Celsius objective as per a UNFCCC stocktaking report.
Challenges in NDCs and Ratchet Mechanism:
- Deficits in climate action are found in the UNFCCC stocktaking report in a number of areas, including mitigation, adaptation, financing, technology, and capacity building.
- According to the research, the ratchet mechanism, which calls on nations to increase their commitments every five years, is not performing up to par.
- Although the mechanism places a strong emphasis on group responsibility, it does not place personal accountability, which makes efforts to raise ambition more difficult.
Need for Integrated Policymaking and Finance:
- The article highlights the strategic deployment of international public financing to support climate action in developing countries and proposes an “integrated yet inclusive policymaking”
- Negotiators at COP28 now have a responsibility to break free from inflexible previous strategies and enable significant progress in resolving climate-related issues.
Way Forward:
- There is no denying the importance of taking global climate action as COP28 draws near.
- The stocktaking report’s issues and the ongoing gaps in attaining emission objectives underline the need for a more inclusive and collaborative approach.
- The negotiators in Dubai need to let go of their past intransigence and strive toward genuine solutions while taking into account our shared obligation to lessen the effects of climate change.
2) AUGMENTING SUPPLY
Context:
- India’s rabi sowing has been slow to get off, mainly because kharif crops especially paddy have not yet been harvested in some states, such Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
- Wheat planting has consequently slowed considerably due to the postponed harvesting.
- Although the acreage lag should lessen in the upcoming weeks, crops that are grown later than ideal are more vulnerable to temperature surge hazards, as seen in March 2022.
Immediate Concern: Water Scarcity:
- The water situation is one of the most urgent concerns facing agriculture right now.
- Since October, the total amount of precipitation has been about 26% less than usual.
- The problems caused by an unevenly distributed southwest monsoon, which affects areas like eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Karnataka, western Maharashtra, and Marathwada, are made worse by this lack of winter rain.
- In comparison to the previous year, the Agriculture Ministry projects a decrease in the production of oilseeds, cotton, sugarcane, pulses, and kharif grains.
Dim Prospects for Rabi Season:
- Right now, the chances for the rabi season don’t seem good.
- Winter-spring crops including wheat, mustard, chana, onion, garlic, and jeera are highly dependent on water from subterranean aquifers, dams, and sporadic rains from western disturbance winds and the northeast monsoon.
- According to data, the water levels in the major reservoirs are 92.9% of the 10-year average for this time of year and 20.2% lower than they were last year.
- Low reservoir levels are especially noticeable in Maharashtra’s sugarcane heartland and the South.
El Nino Factor and Potential Moisture Stress:
- Another cause for concern is the increasing El Nino, which is expected to persist until April or June.
- It is impossible to completely rule out the danger of moisture stress for the standing rabi crop, and yields may be negatively impacted by temperatures that are higher than usual due to El Nino years.
Government Measures and Call for More Action:
- The supply-side management initiatives implemented by the Narendra Modi government are proactive and range from trade limits on exports to the reasonable decision to reinstate the monthly foodgrain quota for ration cardholders.
- More measures are necessary, though, considering the unpredictability of rabi production and the possible political ramifications of sharply rising retail inflation.
- To increase supply and guarantee food security, it is imperative to remove the 40% import levy on wheat and reevaluate customs charges on chana and yellow/white peas.
Conclusion:
- With El Nino approaching, water constraint, and delayed rabi sowing, India has critical management challenges that require the government to take a proactive and strategic approach.
- Reducing import tariffs, addressing the shortage of water, and putting supply-side policies in place are all necessary to lessen the possible difficulties facing the agricultural industry.
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