10 August 2023 : PIB
PRESS INFORMATION BUREAU
10-August -2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,The PIB ( Press Information Bureau )
1. Rajya Sabha pays homage on the 81st Anniversary of ‘Quit India Movement’ today
Topic: GS1 – Modern history.
About Quit India Movement:
The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, was a significant milestone in India’s struggle for independence against British colonial rule. Launched on August 8, 1942.
Key Features of the Quit India Movement:
- Gandhi’s Call for Quit India: In his famous “Do or Die” speech on August 8, 1942, Mahatma Gandhi called upon Indians to launch a mass civil disobedience movement. He emphasized the importance of non-violence and unity among all sections of society.
- Civil Disobedience and Mass Protests: People took to the streets, government offices were occupied, and communication lines were disrupted.
- Repression and Suppression: The British colonial authorities responded with a heavy-handed approach, arresting thousands of leaders and activists. Mass arrests, lathi charges, and firing on crowds became common.
- Underground Leadership: With the arrest of top leaders, the movement went underground, and local leaders took charge of organizing protests and resistance.
- Parallel Government: In several regions, parallel governments were established, showcasing the people’s aspiration for self-governance.
- Role of Youth: Young leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, and Aruna Asaf Ali played a crucial role in organizing and mobilizing the masses.
- Suppression and Emergence of Leaders: While the movement was suppressed by the British, it also led to the emergence of new leaders who would play vital roles in the post-independence era.
Legacy and Impact:
- Strengthened Nationalism: The Quit India Movement instilled a deep sense of nationalism and unity among Indians, transcending regional and religious differences.
- Shift in British Approach: The British realized that suppressing mass movements through force was unsustainable, paving the way for negotiations and discussions on India’s future.
- Post-war Changes: The movement’s impact was felt on the global stage, influencing the British government’s post-war policies and eventually leading to India’s independence in 1947.
- Empowerment of People: The movement empowered the common people, demonstrating their capacity to challenge oppressive regimes and fight for their rights.
- Inspiration for Future Movements: The spirit of the Quit India Movement inspired subsequent generations of freedom fighters and activists to continue the struggle for justice, equality, and democracy.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1946992
2. GeM celebrates 7th Foundation Day marking unprecedented achievements.
Topic: GS3 – Indian economy.
Context:
- GeM celebrates 7th Foundation Day as a symbol of progress in India’s public procurement.
- GeM has shown dedication to driving positive change in public procurement.
About Government e-Marketplace (GeM):
- Introduction:
- Online platform established by the Indian government.
- Facilitates procurement of goods and services by government organizations.
- Launched in August 2016.
- Objectives:
- Increase efficiency, transparency, and ease of procurement.
- Promote fair competition among vendors.
- Reduce corruption and ensure cost savings.
- Key Features:
- Unified platform for buyers and sellers.
- Wide range of product categories and services.
- Online bidding and reverse auction.
- Vendor rating system for quality assessment.
- Direct payment to sellers, reducing delays.
- Benefits:
- Time and cost savings for government buyers.
- Increased market access for sellers, including MSMEs.
- Reduced paperwork and manual processes.
- Standardized procurement procedures.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=194718
3. NAXALISM IN THE COUNTRY
Topic: GS3 – internal security.
Maoist movement in India:
- The Maoist movement in India is a communist insurgencythat began in the late 1960s.
- Maoist groups are also known as Naxalites, named after the villageof Naxalbari in West Bengal, where the movement originated.
- Maoists aimed to overthrow the Indian Government and establish acommunist state through armed struggle.
- The movement is active in several states across India, withthe highest concentration of activity in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Bihar.
Reasons for the emergence of Naxalism in India:
- Socio-economic inequalities:such as landlessness, poverty, and lack of access to education and healthcare, especially among tribal communities and other marginalised groups.
- The exploitation of natural resources:including land, forests, and minerals, by Government and corporate entities without adequate compensation or consultation with local communities.
- Political alienation and corruption:politicians and officials have failed to address the grievances of marginalised communities and address the problem with the proper policy measures.
- Violence against marginalised communities:including police brutality, extrajudicial killings, and displacement due to development projects.
- The failure of democratic institutions:Panchayati Raj institutions and the local self-government are absent in many naxalite-affected areas.
- The lack of redressalchannels to address these issues leads to frustration and disillusionment among affected communities.
- Ideological and organisational factors:the influence of Maoism and other leftist ideologies.
Way forward:
- Addressing socio-economic grievances:The Government needs to focus on providing basic infrastructure, healthcare, education, and employment opportunities to the people in these areas.
- Intelligence gathering and sharing:Information gathering and sharing among security agencies can help prevent and control Naxalism.
- Coordinated action:The central and state governments need to work together and coordinate their efforts to tackle the Naxalite threat. This includes sharing intelligence, joint operations, and intelligence-led targeted operations.
- Use of technology:Using drones, surveillance cameras, and satellite imagery can aid in tracking and locating Naxalites.
- Rehabilitation and reintegration of surrendered Naxalites:The Government can think of providing them with alternative livelihood opportunities and a chance to start anew.
- Addressing human rights violations:Security forces must adhere to human rights norms while carrying out operations.
- Dialogue and negotiations:The Government can also engage in conversation with the Naxalites to understand their demands and find a peaceful solution to the conflict.
Steps taken by the Indian Government to tackle the issue:
- Development of Red Corridor:The Government has identified specific areas in the country as the “Red Corridor”, most affected by Naxalism. The Government has focused on improving the infrastructure and development in these areas to tackle the problem of Naxalism.
- Special Forces:The Government has raised special forces such as the Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA), Greyhounds and Special Operation Group (SOG) to tackle the Naxal threat.
- Surrender and Rehabilitation Policy:The Government has implemented a surrender and rehabilitation policy to encourage Naxalites to give up violence and join the mainstream.
- Intelligence Sharing:The Government has improved intelligence gathering and sharing among various security agencies to gather information on the activities of Naxalites.
- Community Policing:The Government has encouraged the formation of local community policing groups to help maintain law and order in Naxal-affected areas.
- Focus on Education and Employment:Several schemes have been started to create livelihood opportunities and employment in Naxalite areas.
- Strengthening of State Police Forces:The Government has provided funds and training to state police forces to strengthen their capabilities to deal with the Naxal threat.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1947129
4. Recent Innovative Efforts to make India Self reliant in Mineral Sector
Topic: GS3 – Indian economy.
Efforts undertaken to make India self-reliant in mineral sector:
- 2015 amendments aimed at:
- Eliminating discretion.
- Improving transparency in mineral allocation.
- Simplifying procedures.
- Reducing administrative delays.
- Enhancing government’s share in mineral value.
- Attracting private investment and technology.
- 2021 Amendments:
- Enhance mineral sector potential, employment, and investment.
- Increase state revenue, mine production, and operational efficiency.
- Facilitate mining operations continuity after lessee change.
- Accelerate exploration and mineral resource auction.
- MMDR Amendment Bill 2023:
- Passed by Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
- Introduces exploration license for deep-seated, critical minerals.
- Covers gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, cobalt, platinum group minerals, diamonds.
- Encourages private sector involvement in exploration.
- Facilitates reconnaissance and prospecting for critical and deep-seated minerals.
- Removal of Minerals from Atomic List:
- MMDR Amendment Bill 2023 omits six minerals including Lithium from atomic list.
- Lithium used in space, electronics, energy, net-zero emissions.
- Private sector gains access to exploration and mining.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1946986
5. National Green Hydrogen Mission seeks to Reduce Cost of Green Hydrogen.
Topic: GS3 – Energy security.
About National Green Hydrogen Mission:
The National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM) is a government program launched in India in January 2023 with the goal of making India a global hub for the production, usage, and export of green hydrogen.
The NGHM aims to achieve the following objectives:
- Make India a leading producer and supplier of green hydrogen in the world.
- Create export opportunities for green hydrogen and its derivatives.
- Reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels and feedstock.
- Develop indigenous manufacturing capabilities.
- Attract investment and business opportunities for the industry.
- Create opportunities for employment and economic development.
- Support R&D projects.
To achieve these objectives, the NGHM will focus on the following key areas:
- Production of green hydrogen: The mission will support the development of green hydrogen production facilities in India. This will involve the installation of electrolysers, which use renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
- Demand creation: The mission will work to create demand for green hydrogen in India. This will involve promoting the use of green hydrogen in industries such as steel, fertilizers, and chemicals.
- Export: The mission will support the export of green hydrogen from India. This will involve developing infrastructure for the transportation and storage of green hydrogen.
- Technology development: The mission will support research and development of green hydrogen technologies. This will involve developing more efficient and cost-effective electrolysers, as well as new applications for green hydrogen.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1947136
6. Measures taken by Indian Railways to improve safety in train operations.
Topic: GS3 – Railways safety.
Measures taken by Indian Railways for railway safety:
- Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh introduced with a corpus of ₹1 lakh crore.
- Electrical/Electronic Interlocking Systems installed at 6427 stations.
- Interlocking of Level Crossing Gates provided at 11093 gates.
- Complete Track Circuiting of stations achieved at 6377 stations.
- Vigilance Control Devices equipped in all locomotives.
- GPS based Fog Safety Device used in fog affected areas.
- Modern track structure and mechanization for track laying.
- Use of longer rail panels and better welding technology.
- Regular patrolling and inspections to detect rail fractures.
Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1947081
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