Daily Prelims Quiz :Chalcolithic and Harappan Age

Answer: Option C - Knowledge-based Systems (KBS)

Explanation:

• Knowledge-based systems (KBS) are designed to simulate human decision-making and reasoning.
• They use a database of knowledge to make inferences and provide solutions to complex problems, often resembling human expertise.
• Unlike other AI models, KBS focuses on logical reasoning, expert knowledge, and rules, making it ideal for applications like expert systems in fields such as medicine, law, and engineering.

Answer: Option A - The Rome Statute, 1998

Explanation:

• The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established by the Rome Statute, 1998, which came into force on July 1, 2002.
• It is the world's first permanent court to prosecute individuals for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes of aggression.
• The ICC is independent of the United Nations but cooperates with it.

Unlike the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which handles disputes between states, the ICC prosecutes individuals.

Answer: Option D - President of India

Explanation:

• Under Article 224-A of the Indian Constitution, the President of India appoints retired judges as ad-hoc judges in High Courts.
• This is done on the recommendation of the Chief Justice of the concerned High Court, and the retired judge's consent is mandatory.
• These judges hold the same powers as sitting judges and help reduce the backlog of cases, ensuring faster justice delivery in the judicial system.

Answer: Option B - Article 224-A

Explanation:

• Article 224-A of the Indian Constitution, introduced in 1963, allows the appointment of retired High Court judges as ad-hoc judges.
• This requires the judge’s consent and approval from the President of India.
• Ad-hoc judges exercise the same powers as sitting judges and receive allowances determined by the President.
• This provision helps address case backlogs and judicial vacancies, ensuring efficiency in the functioning of High Courts.

Answer: Option B- They lack the power to enforce their awards, requiring subsequent court decrees.

Explanation:

• Lok Adalats, under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, settle disputes through mutual consent but lack enforcement power.
• Their awards are not automatically enforceable; they must be converted into a court decree to gain legal force.
• This is a key limitation compared to regular courts, which have the authority to enforce judgments directly.
• They can intervene in some ongoing court proceedings (though pre-litigation matters are a significant portion of their work).
• They can handle cases involving the State.