6 September 2023 : Daily Current Affairs
Daily Current Affairs
6-September-2023
Daily Current Affairs For UPSC ,Daily Current affairs of The hIndu and Indian Express.
1. ‘Bharat’ replaces ‘India’ in G-20 invite from President.
Topic: GS2 – Indian Polity.
Context:
- President Droupadi Murmu’s invitations for the G-20 Summit in New Delhi used the word “Bharat” instead of “”
- This change in nomenclature sparked controversy, with opposition leaders questioning the reason behind it.
- Government sources indicated that the term “Bharat” would be increasingly used in official communications in the future.
- The move to use “Bharat” was seen as a decolonizing nomenclature and an effort to counteract efforts to reduce the country’s identity to a political alliance.
What is India’s official name?
- India’s official name is the “Republic of India,” as mentioned in Article 1 of the Constitution of India.
- Article 1 of the Indian Constitution also includes the term “Bharat” to refer to the country, stating, “India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.”
- This provision in Article 1 recognizes the country’s official name as “India” and acknowledges its historical and cultural association with “Bharat.”
- The inclusion of both “India” and “Bharat” in the Constitution reflects the nation’s linguistic and cultural diversity while establishing it as a republic.
2. Laws governing forests of the Northeast
Topic: GS3 – environmental conservation
Context:
- The Mizoram Assembly passed a resolution opposing the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023, on August 22 to protect the rights and interests of the people of Mizoram.
- The amendment allows the diversion of forest land for various projects within 100 km of India’s international borders or lines of control without forest clearance under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
- Nagaland is also expected to face demands to pass a similar resolution against the amendment.
Legal status of FCA in Northeast India:
- Special constitutional protections prohibit the application of the FCA in Nagaland and Mizoram, except if their Legislative Assemblies decide thus in a resolution.
- In Nagaland, the FCA is applicable to government forests and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
- In Mizoram, the FCA is applicable to all forests except those in the Sixth Schedule Areas.
- The FCA is applicable in the rest of the Northeast, including Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura.
RFA and FRA
- RFA stands for Recorded Forest Area. It is an area recorded as forest in the Government record irrespective of the ownership.
- FRA stands for Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act. It was enacted in 2006 to recognize and grant forest rights to Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers.
- The FRA includes unclassed forests in its definition of forest land.
- None of the Northeast States have fully implemented the FRA.
How to protect forests
- The Environment Ministry mandated FRA implementation and prior informed consent of the Gram Sabha in 2009 to admit a forest diversion proposal.
- States can formulate and take legal measures to ensure mandatory fulfillment of the FRA before recommending a forest diversion proposal, and ensuring Gram Sabha consent before handing over forest land.
- The Ministry of Tribal Affairs can also issue legally enforceable directions under the FRA, or even enact a separate law, to recognize and settle forest rights when forests are diverted for other purposes and forest-dwellers are relocated.
Mains question: How does the Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023, impact forest conservation and indigenous rights in northeastern states like Mizoram and Nagaland, considering the constitutional and legal aspects involved?
3. ‘Xi Jinping skipping G-20 Summit a deliberate signal to India, West’
Topic: GS2 – International relations
Context:
- Chinese President Xi Jinping’s decision to skip the G-20 Summit sends deliberate signals to India and the West.
More information about the news:
- The move reflects China’s displeasure with the current state of bilateral ties with India and its stand that normalcy in broader ties is not possible without a restoration of peace on the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
- China also sees the G-20 as being politicized, especially regarding issues like the war in Ukraine.
- The Chinese Foreign Ministry did not provide a specific reason for Xi’s absence but emphasized China’s support for India hosting the summit.
- Former Indian Ambassador to China Ashok Kantha noted that this decision is surprising, considering Xi attended all previous G-20 Summits, and it likely signifies unhappiness in bilateral relations and discomfort with the G-20 platform.
- Xi’s absence contrasts with China’s active participation in other forums like BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
- The move is seen as a well-thought-out decision by China to convey its stance.
4. FM flags threats to financial system from crypto, tax havens
Topic: GS3 – economy
Context:
- Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister Nirmala Sitharaman highlighted major threats to the global financial ecosystem.
Highlights of the views expressed by the Finance Minister:
- The Finance Minister identified threats such as cryptocurrencies (crypto), drug mafias, tax havens, and cyber intrusions.
- Sitharaman stressed the need for a global collaborative effort to address these challenges.
- She urged the fintech industry to invest heavily in cybersecurity measures to protect user data and financial transactions.
- India aims to lead in creating an inclusive, resilient, and sustainable financial ecosystem.
- The country’s presidency of the G20 prioritizes enhanced cross-border payment arrangements and information sharing.
- Consultative papers are being discussed on various issues, including cryptocurrencies.
- She highlighted that fintech plays a crucial role in driving financial inclusion and influencing India’s financial landscape.
5. What is the Black Sea Grain deal and why is it significant?
Topic:GS2-IR, Prelims
Context:
- In July this year, the Kremlin had refused to extend the grain deal, which had been signed in 2022 to help avoid a food crisis in parts of Africa and the Middle East that were heavily dependent on Ukrainian imports.
- Since then, Turkey has repeatedly pledged to revive the agreement.
- On Monday, Erdogan and Putin held talks on the issue at the Russian Black Sea resort of Sochi.
What is the Black Sea grain deal?
- Ukraine is among the world’s biggest exporters of food grains, such as wheat and corn, and a major contributor to the United Nations’ food aid programmes.
- After Russia invaded the country last February and blockaded its ports, food prices soared and raised fears of food shortages in some parts of the world.
- To tackle the situation, the UN and Turkey, on July22, 2022, got Russia to agree to the Black Sea Grain Initiative.
- It allowed cargo ships to travel from and to three Ukrainian ports of Odesa, Chornomorsk and Pivdennyi (Yuzhny), after inspection that they weren’t carrying arms.
- The deal was extended twice before Russia withdrew from it.
Why did Russia refuse to extend the Black Sea grain deal?
- Russia has continued to claim that the promises made to it under the deal have not been met.
- Russia said that the country was facing trouble exporting its own agricultural products and fertilisers because of the many sanctions the West has slapped on it.
- While there is no direct restriction on Russia’s agricultural products, there are barriers on payment platforms, insurance, shipping, and other logistics which is hampering its exports.
- Russia has also said it had agreed to the grain deal to help ensure global food security, but Ukraine has since exported mainly to high-and middle-income countries.
- The UN has pointed out that while this is true, poorer countries have been helped by food prices cooling down.
What has happened since the deal came to an end?
- Since it declined to extend the deal, Moscow has repeatedly attacked Ukraine’s biggest grain-exporting ports.
- A Russian drone strike targeted the Danube River port of Izmail in Odesa, damaging warehouses and buildings.
- The attack took place just hours before Putin and Erdogan met.
- Russia is also looking to export grain to African nations.
- Moscow was close to a deal with six African countries over a plan to supply Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Mali, Somalia, the Central African Republic and Eritrea with upto 50,000 tonnes of grain.
- Russia would supply the food and carryout logistics at no cost, and deliveries would begin in the next couple of weeks.
6. Myanmar barred from leading ASEAN in 2026
Topic: GS2-IR, Prelims
Context:
- Southeast Asian leaders decided that Myanmar won’t take over the rotating leadership of their regional bloc as scheduled in 2026, in the latest blow to efforts by its ruling generals to gain international recognition after violently seizing power in 2021.
Details:
- Western governments led by the United States have condemned the Myanmar army’s ouster of Aung San Suu Kyi’s democratically elected government in 2021.
- Resistance to the military takeover has escalated into what some UN experts have described as a civil war.
- The Philippines agreed to take over the regional bloc’s chairmanship in 2026 at an ASEAN summit hosted by Indonesia.
- The ASEAN statement stressed the desire to work with the generals to end the country’s crisis, especially in the context of the five-point plan which Myanmar accepted in 2021 but has largely failed to implement.
- The leaders also urged the Myanmar Armed Forces to de-escalate violence and stop attacks on civilians, houses and public facilities.
ASEAN “five-point consensus”
- An immediate end to violence in the country;
- Dialogue among all parties;
- The appointment of a special envoy;
- Humanitarian assistance by ASEAN; and
- The special envoy’s visit to Myanmar to meet with all parties.
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- It is a political and economic organization.
- Founded in 1967 by the 5 South-East Asian nations of Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
- Aim: Promoting economic growth and regional stability among its members.
- 10 Members at Present:
- Cambodia, Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
ASEAN Plus Three:
- It is a forum that functions as a coordinator of co-operation between the ASEAN and the three East Asian nations of China, South Korea, and Japan.
ASEAN Plus Six:
- The group includes ASEAN Plus Three as well as India, Australia, and New Zealand.
7. At Africa Climate Summit, call for global carbon tax
Topic:GS2-IR
Context:
- Kenya’s president stated that Climate change is “relentlessly eating away” at Africa’s economic progress and it’s time to have a global conversation about a carbon tax on polluters, as the first Africa Climate Summit got underway in Nairobi.
Details:
- The summit included senior officials from China, the US and the EU— some of the world’s largest emitters of greenhouse gases.
- The African continent of more than 1.3 billion people is losing 5% to 15% of its gross domestic product growth every year to the wide spread impacts of climate change.
- The leaders urged reforms to the global financial structures that have left African nations paying about five times more to borrow money than others, worsening the debt crisis for many.
8. India to showcase digital infra at G20 summit:
Topic:GS2-IR, GS3- science and tech
Context:
- India’s digital public infrastructure arsenal will be on display for foreign delegates during the G20 Summit later this week.
What would be on display?
- UPI service for foreign delegates without needing a bank account.
- RuPay payments that can be made through accessories such as smartwatches.
- India’s digital rupee, and a database platform that can be used to lend money for various purposes.
Why India wants to showcase?
- We obviously want to showcase our technological platforms to set us apart in the Global South.
- We also want the developed countries to take a look at them to show case the platforms we have built for a country of India’s scale.
- India’s presidency of G20 has played up the country’s efforts at creating digital public infrastructure and has also explored other nations’ interest to adopt the underlying technologies that power India’s digital public infrastructure (DPI) push, which it brands as the India Stack.
- Industry analysts see this as India’s bid to set itself up as a nation pioneering digital governance, especially as it aspires to assume a leadership role in the Global South.
- Within government circles, this is also being pegged as a differentiator from rival China, which is funding physical infrastructure development in other developing countries.
Significance:
- India is actively marking other countries to adopt the UPI architecture.
- The service is being accepted in international markets such as France, UAE, Singapore and Sri Lanka, with countries like Japan having shown an interest.
- Incidentally, China had made a similar push at the Winter Olympics in Beijing last year, when delegations were given the option of paying vendors for food and souvenirs with the ‘e-CNY’.
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