25 September 2023 : Daily Answer Writing
Mains Answer Writing
One of the key components of these exams is the written test, which consists of a number of essay and comprehension questions. Candidates are expected to write clear and well-structured answers that demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the topics being tested.
25-September-2023
Q1) Assess the efficacy of the 10th schedule in curbing political defections and maintaining the integrity of political parties.
Answer:
The 10th Schedule, also known as the Anti-Defection Law, deriving its its power from the constitutional provisions of Article 102(2) (for MPs) and Article 191(2) (for MLAs), disqualifies elected representatives if they defect from their party or violate party instructions, aiming to maintain party discipline and prevent political defections.
Effectiveness of 10th Schedule:
- Deterrent against defections: The 10th Schedule has deterred political defections by imposing penalties on defectors, disqualifying them from office. For example, in 2019, 17 Karnataka MLAs were disqualified for violating party discipline.
- Preserving party discipline: The law maintains party discipline by preventing anti-party activities. In 2020, Jyotiraditya Scindia and his loyalists were disqualified in Madhya Pradesh after switching from the Indian National Congress to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
- Strengthening stable governments: The 10th Schedule promotes political stability by discouraging frequent changes in governments caused by defections.
- Discouraging unethical practices: The law discourages unethical practices like horse-trading. Disqualifying defectors reduces the incentive for opportunistic politics. Uttarakhand in 2016 saw several MLAs disqualified for switching loyalties.
Challenges:
- Chilling effect on dissent: Critics argue that the law has chilled dissent within parties and stifled independent thinking. Elected representatives fear disqualification if they express dissenting opinions or vote against their party’s stand.
- Manipulation and misuse of the law: The law has been manipulated and misused by parties. Threats of disqualification have been used to control and suppress dissent. The disqualification of MLAs in Tamil Nadu in 2017 raised concerns about misuse.
- Impact on alliances and coalitions: Impact on alliances and coalitions: The law hampers alliances as representatives fear disqualification for opposing their partner’s interests.
- Interpretation and enforcement challenges: Subjectivity in interpretation and enforcement leads to inconsistencies. For instance, the disqualification of Manipur MLAs in 2020 resulted from differing interpretations of defection.
- Marginalization of voices: The law suppresses marginalized communities’ representation as representatives fear disqualification for expressing dissent. This discourages minority representatives from challenging their party’s decisions.
Way Forward
- Review and Amendments: Conduct a comprehensive review of the 10th Schedule, making amendments to address challenges and ensure fair implementation.
- Strengthen Internal Party Democracy: Focus on enhancing internal party democracy by promoting debates, accommodating dissent, and encouraging independent thinking.
- Ethical and Accountable Politics: Promote ethical and accountable politics through stricter regulation of political financing and enforcing strong codes of conduct for parties and members.
- Strengthen Coalition Governance: Develop mechanisms to enhance coordination and consensus-building among coalition partners, ensuring effective coalition governance.
- Public Awareness and Engagement: Increase awareness about defections’ impact on democracy through civic education and public debates to encourage citizen engagement.
Conclusion
By adopting proper strategies and measures, India can strengthen its parliamentary democracy, ensuring transparency, accountability, and inclusivity.
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2. How do Zonal Councils contribute to cooperative federalism and regional problem-solving in India?
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3. In the context of parliamentary proceedings, discuss the significance of maintaining decorum and civility among elected representatives. What measures can be taken to ensure respectful and constructive debates in legislatures?
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4. What are the key challenges and implications of implementing ‘one nation-one poll’ in India, and how does it relate to the principles of parliamentary democracy?
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